Expressions used in describing processes:
Introductory :
Now, I will explain how…. (sekarang sy akan menjelaskan cara utk...)
- First, .../first of all / firstly..
(pertama-tama..)
(pertama-tama..)
- Second,.. (kedua...)
- Next, ... (berikutnya..)
- Then... (kemudian..)
- After that… (setelah itu..)
- Before … (sebelumnya...)
- Finally ... (akhirnya...)
Conclusion :
As I have described, there are many steps of…(seperti yg telah sy gambarkan, ada banyak langkah untuk ...)
· Expressions used in asking for and giving suggestions and advice:
- What do you recommend for a headache?
- You’d better see a doctor.
· Expressions used in asking necessity and obligation:
- We must be there before the boss comes.
- It is necessary for us to be there on time.
· Expressions used in persuading and convincing:
- Why don’t you try our special drink bandrek to warm up your body.
- If I were you, I would …
- I’m sure you are on the right track.
- I bet you could do it.
· Grammar review:
− Degrees of comparison
− Imperatives
- Don’t smoke at the petrol station
- Keep silent; the baby is Sleeping
· Samples of short messages, directory, and lists.
· Content, punctuation, and spelling.
Discuss about the picture above!
A. Describing Process
Describing a process or procedures means writing about how something is made or how something happens. Examples: the rainwater cycle, how coffee is grown, how glass is made, getting a driving license, starting a business.
When you explain the step-by-step order of how things happen or how things get done, you are describing a process - how to get a visa, how to mend a puncture, how to make coffee, how glass is made.
1. Make a rough list of the steps in the right order
2. Start with an introductory sentence eg. How important it is, how simple it is, etc.
* In this essay, I will describe how paper is made.
* I will now explain how a photocopier works.
* Building a road is a long process, but it can be divided into four main stages.
3. Use sequence words - first, next, after that, before, then, finally,
*The first stage in making glass is … In this stage, the sand is cleaned and weighed…Next….After that….In the final stage, the glass is….
4. Finish with a concluding sentence or two.
* As you can see, paper manufacture is a difficult process. If you follow the steps
described then you will be successful.
* As I have described, there are many steps involved in supplying water to a city. By
using the step by step approach outlined above you can make sure of a safe supply.
5. Use the correct voice - passive or active. Read the instructions carefully
Active
|
Passive
|
The farmer sends the milk to the factory
|
The milk is sent to the factory.
|
Place the container on the mat.
|
The container should be placed on a mat.
|
Example:
Popcorn
Popcorn is something you often eat when you watch a movie at a cinema. It is very easy to make perfect popcorn if follow the correct procedure.
First, put three tablespoons of oil in a large pot. Then, heat the oil on a high flame until one kernel of popcorn pops when you drop it into the hot oil. Now, pour a quarter cup of popcorn into the pot and cover the pot with a lid. Reduce the flame and gently shake the pot. Continue shaking until the corn has popped. Finally, empty the popcorn into a large bowl and add melted butter and salt.
As you can see making popcorn is very simple if you follow the steps above. Enjoy your movie!
How to operate the television
Instructions :
- plug the cable television into electricity
- After that, press the power button to turn on the television
- Wait untill the televison show the picture
- Choose the channel that you want to watch use the button or the remote.
- Set the volume use the remote or button volume
- Last, if you want to turn off the television you can use the power button
These steps use the passive voice.
Want Coffee?
Coffee is a very popular drink around the world. People drink it at all times of the day. There are several kinds of coffee, but I am now going to describe how instant coffee is produced.
First, the coffee beans are picked from the trees and dried in the sun. Then, the beans are roasted and then cooled rapidly before being ground. The beans are then mixed with hot water and the mixture is strained before it is frozen. Finally, the frozen mixture is ground and then dried in a vacuum before it is packed into jars. The coffee is now ready to be sold in shops.
Instant coffee is not quite as good as real coffee, but it is very popular and saves a lot of time. The manufacturers have done most of the steps for us!
Task 1
Study the following passage and answer the question below!
*Describing a Process or Procedures
Pineapple with caramel sauce
First, peel the pineapple and coat the sugar.
Next, heat the butter in a frying pan and turn the pineapple for 5 minutes on each side.
Then, add some cream, bring to the boil, and stir well.
After that, add the apple juice to the pan, add to the boil, and cook until there is very little left.
Finally, pour the sauce over the pineapple and serve.
1. What is the main ingredient of the recipe ?
…………………………………………………………
2. What should we do after adding the cream ?
a) pour the sauce over the pineapple and serve.
b) add the apple juice to the pan, add to the boil, and cook until there is very little left.
c) peel the pineapple and coat the sugar
d) heat the butter in a frying pan
3. What is the first step to make Pineapple with caramel sauce ?
…………………………………………………………
4. How long should we fry the pineapple ?
a) 3 minutes c) 4 minutes
b) 5 minutes d) 6 minutes
Task 2
Describe a process and procedure a product in your group!
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
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