CONJUNCTIONS
A.
Coordinate
Conjunction : digunakan
menghubungkan 2 induk kalimat dan
untuk parallel structure
1. and, or , but :
menghubungkan 2 induk kalimat
-
Mary opened the door and (she)
greeted her guest
2. Between....... and ........ : diantara..... dan......
3. From......to........ : dari....... ke.......
4. Both...... and ........ :
Both Shinta and Maya are
beautiful ( keduanya...)
5. Not only ...... but also..... : Deasy not only works but also
stays here ( tdk hanya ... tapi juga....)
6. Either .....or..... : I will take either chemistry or
physics next semester
7. Neither ..... nor ..... : Neither Budi nor Dedy loves
Cintya
B. Non Coordinate Conjunction : digunakan untuk menghubungkan induk kalimat
dan anak kalimat
1. Adjectives
clause , biasa diterjemahkan “yang” :
who, whom, which, whose,that
The girl whom I love, loves my friend, Ari who
works in the hospital is my friend
2. Adverb
clause berfungsi penghubung waktu :
after,before, when (ketika), while ( sementara) , as (ketika), by the time that
(pada saat), since (sejak), until (sampai), as soon as ( segera setelah) , once
(pada suatu ketika), whenever (
bilamana), afterwards (setelah itu), later(setelah itu), then (kemudian) etc.
-
After I ate dinner, I took a walk (conjunction)
-
I ate dinner.
Afterwards I took a walk (
transition)
-
After eating dinner, I took a walk (preposition)
3. Sebab-
akibat :(karena) because,= since, = for,
= as, = as long as, = in as much as + S + P
Because I am tired, I won`t go fishing = since I am tired, I won`t go fishing
4. Sebab-
akibat : so + (adj/adv) that.....
I was so tired that I fell asleep
5. Sebab-
akibat : such + Noun + that.... (sehingga) S + P
I don`t have such a car that I can`t join the race
6. Sebab-
akibat : because of + Noun = Due to +
Noun
Because of the
cold weather, we stay at home = Due
to the cold weather, we stay at home
7. because
+ S + P = Due to the fact that + S + P
Because the weather is cold, we stay at home = Due to the fact that the weather is cold, we stay at home
8. Therefore
= consequently ( oleh karena itu) : Ali didn`t study. Therefore He failed the test
9. upon
+ Verb ing =when + S+ Verb II = on + verb ing ( saat, ketika, waktu)
-
upon
reaching the age of 21, I received my inheritance
-
when I reached the age of 21, I received my
inheritance
-
on
reaching the age of 21, I received my inheritance
10. berikut
maknanya sama :
Adverb of clause :
Even though, although, though (walaupun)
pola : conj. S+P, S+P
-
event though it was cold, I went swimming
-
although it was cold, I went swimming
-
though it was cold, I went swimming
Conjunction : but....anyway, but...still,
yet... still
Pola : conj. S+P, S+P
/ S+P, conj. S+P
-
it was cold, but I went swimming anyway
-
it was cold, but I still went
swimming
-
it was cold, yet I still went swimming
Transitions : nevertheless, nonetheless, however (namun,
bagaimanapun)
Pola : S+P. Trans, S+P ( ada 2 titik)
-
it was
cold. Nevertheless, I went
swimming
-
it was
cold. Nonetheless, I went
swimming
-
it was
cold. however, I went
swimming
moreover, further
more, in addition makna = also (juga)
-
This town has many beautiful tourist objects. Moreover,
it is clean
Other wise (jika tidak)
-
I always eat breakfast. Otherwise, I will
get hungry
Prepositions : despite, inspite of (meskipun) Pola : Prep +N/Ving S+P
-
I went
swimming despite the cold
weather
-
I went
swimming in spite of the cold weather
In addition to,
besides = disamping
-
In addition to many tourist object s, this town is clean
-
Besides many
tourist object s, this town is clean
( besides : disamping dlm makna
luas)
Only if /providing that /provided that
Only if you give
me the money, I will go
Unless (jika
tidak)
Unless it rains tomorrow, I will visit her
Direct opposition
-
Mary is rich, whereas John is poor ( sebaliknya, padahal, sedangkan)
-
Mary is rich, but John is poor
-
Mary is rich, on the other hand John is poor
Exercise :
Exercise
:
- ... the meeting. Ms. Sinta missed several
phone call.
A.
Although B.
Because C. In
spite of D. during
- ... she left the ship, the purser signed
out
A.
For B.
That C.
And D.
before
- `The restourant is open on weekends, ...
not on holiday
A. but B.
or C.
either D. so
- Our latest advertising packages includes
videos.... brochures
A. but B.
or C.
either D.
and
- ... it was Mr. Andi`s birthday. His staff
took him to lunch
A. although B.
during C.
because D. that
- All cabin attendants must lock the cabin
door... leaving the rooms
A. afterwards B.
after C.
Later than D. late
- You should register for the seminar....
you attend
A. while B.
before C. Nor D. and
- ... it was late, Ms. Santi stayed to
finish her work
A. although B.
while C.
during D.
since
- ... 7.00 PM, the subway becomes very crowded
A. when B.
after C.
since D.
until
- The
operator doesn`t remember receiving a fax from the Bandung office...
from Bogor office
A. and B.
or C.
either D.
but
Error analysis
- A small service fee but
monthly monitoring charge will be added to your account
A B C D
- A person
he forgets
names will not make many friends
A B C D
- Give your name nor the name of
the person you are seeing to the receptionist at the
front desk
A B C D
- We will not release the report
while the test result are verified
A B C D
- Until that item is currently
out of stock,we can order it for you A B C D
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